|
Maison Dieu ('House of God') is a hospital, monastery, hostel, retirement home and Royal lodge commissioned by Henry III in 1234. The timber framed building is located beside what is now the A2 road in Faversham, Kent. Edward Hasted in 1798, notes, it was dedicated to the Virgin Mary. It consisted of a 'master' and three regular 'brethren', of the order of the 'Holy Cross'. Also two secular clerks, were used to celebrate mass for the soul of the founder, and the souls of his royal predecessors and successors. They were to be hospitable, and give entertainment to the poor and needy passengers and pilgrims (heading along the Watling Street). There was a chamber in it, which the king used to repose himself when he passed this way, which was then called ''Camera Regis'', or the king's chamber. In 1245, 'Robert de Bathel', the abbot of St Augustine's Abbey, in Canterbury, granted to the brethren of this hospital, wearing the habit, and the diseased who happened to die here, but to none else, the right of burial.〔 Also King Henry III in 1240, granted to the master and brethren of the Maison Dieu, founded by him not many years before, the privilege of a market and a fair to be held in this parish of Hedcorn. The fair used formerly to be held on St.Peter's day, June 29. But it had been for some years past, held on June 12. In 1314, 'Nicholas de Staple' (the master), left the hospital after an argument with the other brethren, and went to the hospital of St. John the Baptist, Oxford. The brethren of the Oxford hospital sent a brother to Ospringe in his place. In 1334, he returned to Ospringe. In 1384, on a taxation, the revenues of this hospital were valued at the church of Hedcorn, at 13l 6s 8d.〔 On 28 September 1511, Archbishop Warham made a visit to the hospital.〔 In November, 1518, the last brethren of the Holy Cross order died, supposedly of the 'plague', which scared away others from the place.〔Edward Jacob (1774)〕 Afterwards the hospital became secular.〔 The estate was then passed to St John's College, Cambridge. The contents were given to the abbots of St Augustine's Abbey. The building then became a public house.〔 In 1573, the building was leased to Robert Transham (a friend of Thomas Arden (from the 1592 play Arden of Faversham)). He also rebuilt the Parsonage (also leased from St John's College), using materials from the Maison Dieu chapel. Robert was later buried in Ospringe Parish Church.〔Roy Kendall (2003)〕 In 1925, it became England's earliest village museum. Water Lane beside Maison Dieu still flooded every winter time until 1965, when the stream was diverted by a culvert during the building of the M2 motorway.〔Robert Turcan (11 November 2013)〕 In 1950, it became a Grade II * listed building.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-175959-the-maison-dieu-museum-faversham-kent )〕 It is owned by English Heritage and managed by the Faversham Society. Currently it is used to display Roman artefacts from the surrounding area including the ruined ' Church of Our Lady of Elwarton' in Stone.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/faversham-stone-chapel-our-lady-of-elverton/ )〕 but is only open at weekends from April to October. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Maison Dieu, Faversham」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|